Land tenure systems have implications for both adaptation and mitigation, which need to be understood inside specific socio-economic and legal contexts, and should themselves be impacted by climate change and climate action . Land coverage can provide routes to land safety and facilitate or constrain climate action, throughout cropping, rangeland, forest, freshwater ecosystems and other systems. Large-scale land acquisitions are an important context for the relations between tenure safety and climate change, but their scale, nature and implications are imperfectly understood. There is medium confidence that land titling and recognition programmes, notably those that authorize and respect indigenous and communal…